Question : Which among the following Acts introduced the Diarchy, i.e., the rule of two, which means executive councilors and ministers?
Option 1: Charter Act, 1813
Option 2: Government of India Act, 1858
Option 3: Montague-Chelmsford Reform (Government of India Act), 1919
Option 4: Indian Council Act, 1861
Correct Answer: Montague-Chelmsford Reform (Government of India Act), 1919
Solution : The correct option is the Montague-Chelmsford Reform (Government of India Act), 1919 .
The Diarchy, a system of dual governance involving executive councillors and ministers, was introduced in British India through the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919. Under this Act, certain responsibilities were transferred to Indian ministers, forming a dual administration. However, real power remained concentrated in the hands of the British executive councillors, limiting the impact of the intended self-governance.
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