Correct Answer: Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India

Solution : The Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, under the Ministry of Home Affairs, is responsible for conducting the decennial population census in India. This agency is tasked with planning, organizing, and executing the population census, which is conducted every ten years to collect demographic, social, and economic data of the Indian population. The census provides vital information for policy-making, planning, and allocation of resources at various levels of government. It is a comprehensive exercise that aims to gather accurate and up-to-date information about the population, including characteristics such as age, gender, education, occupation, and more.