Question : Which of the following factors contribute to urban poverty in India?

Option 1: Lack of education and skills

Option 2: Informal employment

Option 3: Rapid urbanization

Option 4: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above

Solution : The correct answer is (d) All of the above.

Urban poverty in India is influenced by multiple factors, and all the options provided contribute to urban poverty.

1. Lack of education and skills: Limited access to quality education and skill development opportunities can hinder individuals' ability to secure stable and well-paying employment in urban areas. This, in turn, can lead to lower incomes and increased vulnerability to poverty.

2. Informal employment: A significant proportion of the urban workforce in India is engaged in the informal sector, which lacks job security, social protections, and fair wages. Informal employment often involves low-skilled, low-paid, and precarious work, making individuals more susceptible to poverty and economic instability.

3. Rapid urbanization: India is experiencing rapid urbanization, with a significant influx of people from rural areas to cities in search of better economic prospects. However, rapid urbanization can strain urban infrastructure, housing, and public services, leading to the emergence of slums and informal settlements where poverty is prevalent.

These factors are interconnected and reinforce each other, creating a challenging environment for urban populations. Addressing urban poverty requires comprehensive strategies that focus on improving access to education and skill development, promoting formal employment opportunities, and implementing inclusive urban planning and development policies.

Therefore, the correct answer is All of the above.