Correct Answer: Employee empowerment

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Employee empowerment

Scientific management, developed by Frederick Taylor, focused on applying scientific principles to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Scientific management emphasized hierarchical control and a top-down approach to decision-making, with managers designing and dictating the most efficient methods of work to employees. The emphasis was on standardizing work processes, using time and motion studies, and closely supervising workers. Employee empowerment, on the other hand, involves granting employees autonomy, decision-making authority, and the ability to contribute their ideas and expertise to improve processes and outcomes.