Correct Answer: Gift received from a friend

Solution : The correct answer is d) Gift received from a friend.

In the calculation of national income, gifts received from friends or others are not included. National income measures the total income generated by the production of goods and services within a country's borders over a specific period.

It's important to note that the calculation of national income may vary depending on the specific methodology used and the country's national accounting framework. However, in general, gifts received from individuals are not considered as part of national income as they do not represent production or economic activity.