Verification of Truth of the Statement: Meaning, Reasoning Questions

Verification of the truth of the statement is a judgemental skill in logical reasoning. It is defined as the ability to identify which statement/option is accurate and which is not. This skill is most important for both professional and personal success, as it allows us to make better decisions and avoid being misinformed by false incorrect information. It presents inferences and a set of alternatives you have to choose the absolute truth. This topic is important from the examination point of view as the questions are asked in various competitive exams such as SSC, Railways, Defence, Entrance exams etc. Mostly, 1-2 questions are asked in each exam. You should develop your skills in verifying the statement's truth to become more informed and conscious. This will help you to make elite decisions in all areas of your life.

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Verification of Truth of the Statement in Reasoning

There are two major components in questions related to verification of the truth of a statement. Firstly, verification involves assessing the truthfulness using logical rules. Secondly, the statement itself can vary in type, such as factual, hypothetical, or conditional.

What is Verification?

Verification is defined as something that is proven to be true, exact and logical. The term verification involves the validation that establishes the exactness of the truth of a statement. When a person confirms that something that was said is true, it is verified.

What is the Statement?

The statement is defined as a declaration of reality and thoughts or judgments. It is also known as an exact expression of something in speech or writing. To write down a statement you have to recognise the ultimate objective, write the introduction, and body and create a strong conclusion. In last, the most essential part is to review the statement for verification. There are four types of statements which are as follows:
1) Declarative Statement
2) Interrogative Statement
3) Imperative Statement
4) Exclamatory Statement
Declarative statements are used to inform or declare something. Interrogative statements are used to raise questions. Imperative statements command or tell us to do something and Exclamatory statements reveal surprises.

Truth Table and Components

To test the credibility of arguments, a truth table is used that displays the truth value for every possible combination. Truth tables are the logical devices that show up in various fields such as computer science applications, general science, mathematics etc. It shows the truth and falseness of complex statements depending on the truth and falseness of understandable statements constructed. While writing the possibilities of complex statements the values must be assigned as true or false. The elements of the truth table have one column for the input variable and one for showing the results.
There are four singular operations which are as follows:
(1) Always true
(2) Never true
(3) Logical Identity
(4) Logical Negation
For always true operation the output value is always true in any case of input value. For the operation never true, the output value is never true. For the operation logical identity, the output value remains the same as the input variable and for the operation logical negation, the value of proposition produces a value of true if input is false and produces a value of false if input is true.

How is the Verification of Truth of the Statement Question Organized?

In a question, four possible answers are given. All the given options seem to have a relationship with the terms mentioned in the question. You have to select the definite truth from the given options that verifies the truth of the statement. For a better understanding of the arguments, you have to decide by understanding their parts. There are three parts of the arguments such as premises, inferences and conclusions. To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of an argument you have to understand the statement, take a position, state a position and justify the position. At last, you have to restate the position and come to a conclusion.

Solved example problems in the Verification of the Truth of the Statement

Q-1) A book always has
(1) Pages
(2) Contents
(3) Chapters
(4) Pages
(5) Illustrations
Solution:
As seen in the options, all the alternatives may form a part of the book but the pages are the most important part, without which there can be no book formed. So, the correct answer is pages.
Hence, the first option is correct.

Q-2) A tree always has which of the following?
(1) Leaves
(2) Roots
(3) Fruits
(4) Flower
Solution:
According to the question, all the options are related to the tree and are correct but the absolute truth for this question has to be the second option, roots because from the roots the tree grows and gives out leaves, fruits and flowers. Hence, the second option is correct.

Q-3) A train always has
(1) Passengers
(2) Driver
(3) Rails
(4) Engine
Solution:
From the given options all are necessary for a train but the engine is the most accurate answer as without an engine train cannot be called a train. All other options do not constitute a train but are necessary for the train. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

Q-4) Which one of the following is always found in “Bravery”?
(1) Anxiety
(2) Courage
(3) Expectation
(4) Knowledge
Solution:
From the given options bravery is a quality demonstrated only by a person who possesses courage. So, courage is the correct answer. Hence, the second option is correct.

Q-5) A clock always has
(1) Numbers
(2) Needles
(3) Glass
(4) Alarm
Solution:
From the given options all are necessary for a clock but needles are the most accurate answer as the work of a clock cannot completed without needles. Needles tell us the exact time which is the main work of a clock. Hence, the second option is correct.

Q-6) Milk contains?
(1) Sugar
(2) Lactose
(3) Calcium
(4) Minerals
Solution:
Milk consists of all which are given in the options. But milk goes with calcium directly. It provides calcium to the body which is a necessary nutrient. Hence, the third option is correct.

Q-7) A factory always has?
(1) Files
(2) Furniture
(3) Electricity
(4) Workers
Solution:
According to the given options, all options are correct but the most accurate is workers. Without workers, we can’t imagine to run a factory. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

Q-8) A shoe always has?
(1) Colour
(2) Design
(3) Leather
(4) Sole
Solution:
According to the given options, all are required for a shoe but the most accurate option is the sole. Without a sole, a shoe cannot be manufactured. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

Q-9) Cricket always has?
(1) Pitch
(2) Helmets
(3) Bat
(4) Players
Solution:
All the given options are related to cricket but the most important option is players. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

Q-10) A hill has?
(1) Height
(2) Water
(3) Trees
(4) Humans
Solution:
On hills, you will get all the above options but the hills are characterised by their height. So, height is the most appropriate option. Hence, the first option is correct.

Q-11) An animal always has.
(1) Life
(2) Skin
(3) Heart
(4) Lungs
Solution:
According to the given option, an animal has all four alternatives but the most appropriate is Life. If the animal has a life then all other alternatives will be considered. Hence, the first option is correct.

Q-12) Which one of the given alternatives is always associated with ‘justice’?
(1) Legitimate
(2) Hypocrisy
(3) Judgement
(4) Magnamimity
Solution:
Justice can be given according to law only. Hence, the first option is correct.

Q-13) A girl is sitting in the back seat of a bus. When the driver suddenly starts the bus, the girl experiences a backward force.
(1) Sometimes
(2) Often
(3) Never
(4) Always
Solution:
When a bus suddenly starts, the lower part of the girl’s body will be in motion while her upper part will be at rest. Therefore, she will always experience a backward force. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

Q-14) If a person goes early in the morning towards the south, the sun will be visible to their left.
(1) Always
(2) Often
(3) Never
(4) Sometimes
Solution:
In the early morning, the sun is in the east direction. If a person goes towards the south, the face of the person will be in the south direction and the left hand of the person is in the east direction. Therefore, if a person goes in the morning towards the south, the sun will always be visible at their left. Hence, the first option is correct.

Q-15) Danger always involves which of the following alternatives?
(1) Attack
(2) Fear
(3) Enemy
(4) Help
Solution:
Danger always creates fear. Hence, the second option is correct.