Question : Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.
The number of Indian students going abroad for higher studies has increased by 68.79 per cent in the past year, according to data provided by the Minister of State in the Ministry of Education, Subhas Sarkar. As per the data provided by him in the Lok Sabha, the number of Indians enrolled in foreign varsities increased from 4.44 lakh in 2021 to 7.5 lakh in 2022. He clarified that while the Bureau of Immigration and Ministry of Home Affairs maintain departure and arrival data of Indians, there is no index for capturing the category of Indians going abroad for higher education.
"Purpose of Indians going abroad for higher education is captured manually based either on their verbal disclosure or the type of visa of the destination country produced by them at the time of immigration clearance," Sarkar said.
According to the data provided by the ministry, the number of Indian nationals increased from 4.54 lakh in 2017 to 5.17 lakh in 2018. There was a significant increase in 2019 as well, with 5.86 lakh students flying out of the country. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of Indian nationals in foreign varsities saw a drastic dip as only 2.59 lakh students were registered. While the number continued to remain low, it saw a slight increase in 2021 with 4.44 lakh registrations. However, the number has significantly jumped to 7.5 lakh in 2022. The increase in the number of Indian nationals abroad corresponds with the latest immigration reports from some of the popular study-abroad destinations such as the US, UK, and Australia. For the UK, the Immigration Statistics Report states that 127,731 visas were granted to Indian students in September 2022, an increase of 93,470 (+273 per cent) against 34,261 in 2019. Similarly, in the US, the number of Indian students has more than doubled, and the Open Doors Report 2022 has predicted that the number of Indian students heading to America is likely to surpass those from China in 2022-23.
Question:
In 2019, how many Indian students went abroad?
Option 1: 5.17 lakh
Option 2: 4.54 lakh
Option 3: 5.86 lakh
Option 4: 4.44 lakh
Correct Answer: 5.86 lakh
Solution : The correct choice is the third option.
Explanation:
The passage states, "According to the data provided by the ministry, the number of Indian nationals increased from 4.54 lakh in 2017 to 5.17 lakh in 2018. There was a significant increase in 2019 as well, with 5.86 lakh students flying out of the country". The sentence clearly mentions that in 2019, the number of Indian students going abroad for higher studies was 5.86 lakh.
Therefore, in 2019, 5.86 lakh Indian students went abroad.
Question : Which of the following factors contributes to human capital formation?
Option 1: Decreased investment in education and healthcare
Option 2: Low levels of literacy and numeracy in the population
Option 3: Lack of access to educational opportunities
Option 4: Government policies promoting education and healthcare
Correct Answer: Government policies promoting education and healthcare
Solution : The correct answer is (d) Government policies promoting education and healthcare.
Government policies that promote education and healthcare are significant factors that contribute to human capital formation. By investing in education and healthcare systems, governments can enhance the knowledge, skills, and health of their population, leading to improved human capital. These policies may include measures such as increasing funding for education, providing scholarships and grants, improving access to quality education and healthcare services, implementing training programs, and supporting research and development initiatives. These actions help individuals acquire and develop skills, knowledge, and capabilities, which are crucial for their productive participation in the economy and society.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in 'The Republic' (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers' care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music, and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence are not distributed genetically and thus can be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.
Aristotle considered human nature, habit, and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates' emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he explicitly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.
Question:
What tool does Aristotle advocate to teachers to develop good habits in students?
Option 1: Writing
Option 2: Reading
Option 3: Questioning
Option 4: Repetition
Correct Answer: Repetition
Solution : The fourth option is the correct choice.
Aristotle advocates the use of repetition as a key tool for teachers to develop good habits in students.
Explanation:
In the passage, it is mentioned that Aristotle proposed repetition as a crucial tool in education to cultivate good habits in students. Unlike Socrates, who emphasised questioning to bring out individuals' ideas, Aristotle believed in systematically leading students and using repetition as a means to reinforce and establish positive habits.
Question : Which of the following organizations functions as an apex organization to provide quality school education?
Option 1: Universities Grants Commission
Option 2: All India Council of Technical Education
Option 3: National Council of Educational Research and Training
Option 4: Ministry of Education at the central level
Correct Answer: National Council of Educational Research and Training
Solution : The correct answer is (c) - National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT).
The NCERT is an autonomous organization established by the Government of India. It serves as the apex body for advising and assisting the central and state governments on matters related to school education. The organization focuses on curriculum development, textbook preparation, research, and teacher training.
NCERT plays a crucial role in shaping the education system in India by developing national policies, guidelines, and frameworks for school education. It designs and promotes a standardized curriculum and educational materials for schools across the country. NCERT also conducts research and provides training programs to enhance the quality of school education.
Question : Read the passage and answer the following questions.
All great thinkers live and move on a high plane of thought. It is only there they can breathe freely. it is only in contact with spirits like themselves they can live harmoniously and attain that serenity which comes from ideal companionship. The studies of all great thinkers must range along the highest altitudes of human thoughts' have always thought that the strongest argument in favor of the Baconian theory was, that no man, however indubitable his genius, could have written the plays and sonnets that have come down to us under Shakespeare's own name who had not the liberal education of Bacon. The magnificent ideals that have ever haunted of though the human mind and given us our highest proofs of future immortality by reason of the impossibility of their fulfillment here are splintered into atoms by contact with life's realities. Hence Comes our sublime discontent's habitual mediation on the vast problems that underline human life and are knit into human destinies-thoughts of immortality, of the littleness to the mere man, of the greatness of man' soul, of the splendors of the universe that are invisible to the ordinary traffickers in the street, as the vastness of St. Peter's is to the spider that weaves her web in a corner of the dome-these things do not fir men to understand the arrange humanity is easy to understand, therefore, Why such thinkers fly to the solitude of their own thoughts, or he the silent companionship of the immortals and if they care to present their verse to the world that these views take a somber and melancholy setting from "the pale cast of thought" in which they were engendered.
Question:
According to the passage, we can say that great thinkers are content to live______
Option 1: In the middle of crisis of civilizations
Option 2: In their thoughts, with an exceptional calm.
Option 3:
At secluded mountains away from society.
Option 4: With the complexities and madness of life.
Correct Answer: In their thoughts, with an exceptional calm.
Solution : The appropriate response is 2.
In their thoughts, with an exceptional calm.
Explanation
"Why such thinkers fly to the solitude of their own thoughts, or he the silent companionship of the immortals and if they care to present their verse to the world that these views take a somber and melancholy setting from "the pale cast of thought" in which they were engendered." is mentioned.
- Therefore, great thinkers are happy to keep their ideas to themselves because if they share them with others, it will be obvious where their ideas came from—weak displays of thought.
Question : What was a major domestic policy focus of Indira Gandhi's government leading up to the 1971 elections?
Option 1: Industrialization
Option 2: Land reforms
Option 3: Education reform
Option 4: Poverty alleviation
Correct Answer: Poverty alleviation
Solution : A major domestic policy focus of Indira Gandhi's government leading up to the 1971 elections was poverty alleviation, as evidenced by the prominence of the 'Garibi Hatao' campaign.
Question : English as the official language of India for higher education was incorporated in the resolution formulation by ______.
Option 1: Lord Hastings
Option 2: Lord Wellesley
Option 3: Lord Macaulay
Option 4: Lord Dalhousie
Correct Answer: Lord Macaulay
Solution : The correct answer is Lord Macaulay.
English as the official language of India for higher education was incorporated in the resolution formulation by Lord Macaulay. Lord Macaulay's "Minute on Education" in 1835 played a significant role in promoting the use of English as the medium of instruction in higher education in India. This had a lasting impact on the educational system in the country.
Question : The "knowledge spillover" effect refers to:
Option 1: The transfer of knowledge from one firm to another in the same industry
Option 2: The dissemination of knowledge to the general public
Option 3: The impact of education on individual earnings
Option 4: The interaction between human capital and physical capital
Correct Answer: The transfer of knowledge from one firm to another in the same industry
Solution : The correct answer is (a) The transfer of knowledge from one firm to another in the same industry.
The knowledge spillover effect refers to the unintentional transfer or dissemination of knowledge, ideas, or innovations from one entity to another. In the context of human capital, it specifically relates to the transfer of knowledge between firms or organizations within the same industry. When one firm develops new technologies, processes, or ideas, this knowledge can diffuse to other firms in the industry, leading to improved productivity, innovation, and overall economic growth.
Knowledge spillovers can occur through various channels, such as collaborative research and development activities, employee mobility, industry conferences, publications, and informal networks. These spillovers often benefit other firms by reducing their costs, enhancing their capabilities, and fostering a more competitive business environment.
Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Educational philosophy is a (1)____ that deals with the analysis of education's objectives, procedures, essence, and ideologies. It is (2)_____ a philosophy and an educational offshoot. Education is defined as the teaching and learning of specialised (3)_____, as well as the instilling of awareness, judgement, knowledge, and understanding, and (4)_____ a much broader spectrum than the societal institute of higher education that we frequently communicate (5)______.
Question
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 2.
Option 1: concurrently
Option 2: among
Option 3: similarly
Option 4: both
Correct Answer: both
Solution : The correct choice is the fourth option.
Using both in the sentence emphasises that the subject is not just one thing (either a philosophy or an educational offshoot) but rather a combination of both. This provides a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding, highlighting the dual nature of the subject, which involves both philosophical aspects and educational elements.
Therefore, the complete sentence would be: "It is both a philosophy and an educational offshoot."
Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each number.
Malti had to wait long to see her son, Abhik. She had worked hard to (1)______ her husband’s last wish that Abhik should (2)______ his higher education at Cambridge. Abhik (3)______ to be meritorious and hardworking and had secured a seat. Making ends meet was (4)______ and a trip back home in the vacation, (5)______ for the mother and son.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no. 2.
Option 1: provide
Option 2: approach
Option 3: delete
Option 4: pursue
Correct Answer: pursue
Solution : The correct choice is the fourth option.
Pursue means to achieve something over a long time. It helps convey that the last wish of Malti's husband was that his son Abhik complete his higher education at Cambridge.
Therefore, the complete sentence is: "She had worked hard to fulfil her husband’s last wish that Abhik should pursue his higher education at Cambridge."