Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion that scientific management principles aim to increase efficiency through job specialization is correct. Scientific management, as advocated by Frederick Taylor, indeed emphasizes breaking down tasks into specialized components to enhance efficiency and productivity.

The reason provided, stating that it allows employees to focus on specific tasks, leading to expertise, is also correct. Job specialization enables employees to concentrate on specific tasks, leading to expertise and proficiency in those tasks, which, in turn, contributes to increased efficiency.