Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that scientific management principles aim to increase efficiency through job specialization. This is true as one of the core principles of scientific management, advocated by Frederick Taylor, is breaking down tasks into smaller, specialized components to enhance efficiency and productivity.

The reason provided is that it allows employees to focus on specific tasks, leading to expertise. This is also true and directly aligns with the concept of job specialization in scientific management. When employees focus on specific, repetitive tasks, they have the opportunity to become experts at those tasks, which further enhances efficiency and overall productivity. Therefore, the reason correctly explains why the assertion is true.