Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion that scientific management principles emphasize standardizing work methods is correct. Standardizing work methods is a fundamental aspect of scientific management, aiming to ensure consistency and efficiency in the execution of tasks.

The reason provided, stating that standardizing work methods reduces variations in performance and improves efficiency, is also correct. Standardization does indeed lead to a reduction in variations in performance, helping achieve a more predictable and efficient workflow.

Both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason effectively explains why standardizing work methods is emphasized in scientific management principles.