Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct option is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that scientific management principles emphasize standardizing work methods. This is true because one of the fundamental aspects of scientific management, as proposed by Frederick Taylor, is to standardize and streamline work methods to achieve efficiency and productivity.

The reason provided is that standardizing work methods reduces variations in performance and improves efficiency. This is also true and aligns with the concept of standardization. By standardizing work methods, variations in how tasks are performed are minimized, leading to a more consistent and efficient process. This ultimately enhances overall efficiency within an organization. Therefore, the reason correctly explains why the assertion is true.