Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that waste management practices play a critical role in sustainable development by reducing pollution, promoting resource efficiency, and minimizing health risks. The reason provided is that improper waste disposal can lead to environmental degradation and public health hazards.

Waste management practices are crucial for sustainable development as they contribute to environmental protection, resource conservation, and public health. Proper waste management involves various processes such as waste reduction, recycling, reuse, and appropriate disposal methods. By implementing effective waste management practices, pollution can be reduced, resources can be conserved through recycling and reuse, and health risks associated with improper waste disposal can be minimized.

The reason provided correctly explains that improper waste disposal can lead to environmental degradation and public health hazards. When waste is improperly disposed of, such as through open dumping or unregulated landfills, it can contaminate soil, water, and air, leading to pollution and degradation of natural resources. It can also create breeding grounds for pests and vectors, increase the risk of diseases, and pose direct health risks to nearby communities.

Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion.