yes it definitely will affect and you will not get your passport. You should have same name on all your ID proofs if you are especially going for education abroad.
You can have your name changed on adhaar card. I myself had two different surnames but because you cannot make modifications in your 10th cbse memo now and even if you do, you really do have to go through a long procedure and it isn't that easy, you ll have to change your name on adhaar card. It will take a while but it will get done and is easier than changing your name on cbse memo.
Your VISA will get rejected if the same name wouldn't be there.
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