Question : Directions: Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
Some pens are boxes.
No box is a fan.
Some pens are fans.
Conclusions:
I. No pen is a fan.
II. No box is a pen.
III. Some fans are pens.
IV. Some boxes are pens.
Option 1: Only conclusions I and III follow
Option 2: Only conclusions II and IV follow
Option 3: Only conclusions I and II follow
Option 4: Only conclusions III and IV follow
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Correct Answer: Only conclusions III and IV follow
Solution : The possible Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion I:
No pen is a fan – From the Venn diagram, it is clear that the circles that represent pens and fans overlap and have a part of their area in common. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion II:
No box is a pen – From the Venn diagram, it is clear that the circles that represent box and pen overlap and have a part of their area in common. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion III:
Some fans are pens – From the Venn diagram, it is clear that the circles that represent fans and pens overlap and have a part of their area in common. Therefore, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion IV:
Some boxes are pens – From the Venn diagram, it is clear that the circles that represent boxes and pens overlap and have a part of their area in common. So, this conclusion follows.
So, only conclusions III and IV follow. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
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