Question : Directions: Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
I. Some pens are books.
II. All books are compasses.
III. Some compasses are pins.
Conclusions:
I. Some compasses are pens.
II. All compasses are pens.
III. Some pins are books.
IV. Some compasses are books.
Option 1: Only conclusions I and II follow
Option 2: Only conclusions I and III follow
Option 3: Only conclusions I and IV follow
Option 4: Only conclusions III and IV follow
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Correct Answer: Only conclusions I and IV follow
Solution : The possible Venn diagram, according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion I:
Some compasses are pens – From the Venn diagram, we can see that the two circles representing compasses and pens intersect and have a part of their area in common. So, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion II:
All compasses are pens – From the Venn diagram, we can see that the two circles representing compasses and pens overlap and have a part of their area in common. So, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion III:
Some pins are books – From the Venn diagram, we can see that there is no definite relation between pins and books. So, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion IV:
Some compasses are books – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that some parts of the circle representing compasses lie inside the circle representing books while some lie outside. So, it can be concluded that some compasses are books.
So, the only conclusions I and IV follow. Hence, the third option is correct.
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