Question : Directions: Two Statements are given followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
I. All P is Q.
II. All R is Q.
Conclusion:
I. All Q is R.
II. All P is R.
Option 1: Neither conclusion follows
Option 2: Only conclusion I follows
Option 3: Only conclusion II follows
Option 4: Both conclusions I and II follow
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Correct Answer: Neither conclusion follows
Solution : According to the given statements, the following Venn diagram can be drawn –
Conclusion I:
All Q is R – From the above Venn diagram, the circle that represents R lies inside the circle that represents Q. So, from this, it can be inferred that some Q can be R. But all are R is not definite. So, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion II:
All P is R – From the given statements and the above Venn diagram, there is no direct relation between P and R. So, no conclusion can be drawn from it.
So, neither conclusion follows. Hence, the first option is correct.
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