Hello aspirant,

There are four major hormones (chemicals that stimulate or regulate the activity of cells or organs) involved in the menstrual cycle: follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.Most hormones are regulated by feedback mechanisms. A feedback mechanism is a loop in which a product feeds back to control its own production.

Most hormone feedback mechanisms involve negative feedback loops. Negative feedback keeps the concentration of a hormone within a narrow range.

Hormonal interaction between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and ovaries regulates the female reproductive system. The hypothalamus secretes a small peptide, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also known as luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone.

GnRH regulates release of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from specialized cells (gonadotropes) in the anterior pituitary gland . These hormones are released in short bursts (pulses) every 1 to 4 hours. LH and FSH promote ovulation and stimulate secretion of the s*x hormones estradiol (an estrogen) and progesterone from the ovaries.

Estrogen and progesterone circulate in the bloodstream almost entirely bound to plasma proteins. Only unbound estrogen and progesterone appear to be biologically active. They stimulate the target organs of the reproductive system .They usually inhibit but, in certain situations (example, around the time of ovulation), may stimulate gonadotropin secretion.

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