Question : The agrarian class structure in pre-independence India was characterized by:
Option 1: Dominance of the industrial working class
Option 2: Equitable distribution of land
Option 3: Hierarchical landholding patterns
Option 4: Absence of landless laborers
Correct Answer: Hierarchical landholding patterns
Solution : The agrarian class structure in pre-independence India was characterized by hierarchical landholding patterns, with a small number of landlords owning large estates and a large number of peasants and laborers working under various tenancy and labor arrangements.