Correct Answer: Decentralized control.

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Decentralized control.

Decentralized control is a management approach in which decision-making authority and control are distributed across various levels and units within an organization. It involves delegating power, responsibilities, and decision-making capabilities to lower levels of management or individual departments or units.By dividing an organization into smaller units, decentralized control aims to empower managers and employees closer to the operational level. This enables faster decision-making, promotes autonomy, and allows for greater responsiveness to local needs and circumstances. Decentralized control is often implemented when an organization has multiple branches, divisions, or functional units that require flexibility and adaptation to local conditions. It allows for greater innovation, adaptability, and customer responsiveness.