Correct Answer: Organizational structure

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Organizational structure

Formal barriers to communication are related to the structure and design of an organization that can impede or hinder effective communication. Organizational structure refers to the way tasks, roles, and responsibilities are organized and the hierarchical relationships within the organization.

Language barriers refer to difficulties in communication due to differences in language or linguistic proficiency. Cultural differences can lead to misinterpretations and misunderstandings due to variations in values, beliefs, and communication styles. Noise interference refers to external factors such as loud noise or distractions that hinder effective communication.