Correct Answer: Taking corrective action.

Solution : The correct answer is:d) Taking corrective action.

The step in the controlling process that involves identifying the causes of deviations is taking corrective action. Let's delve into this further:

When deviations or variations between actual performance and established standards are identified through the process of comparing actual performance with standards, the next step is to take corrective action. This step involves investigating and identifying the underlying causes or reasons for the deviations.

Taking corrective action requires analyzing the root causes of the deviations to understand why they occurred. It involves conducting a thorough assessment, gathering relevant data, and potentially involving key stakeholders or subject matter experts. The purpose is to gain insight into what factors contributed to the deviations and why they happened.

By identifying the causes of deviations, managers can develop a comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand. This knowledge serves as a foundation for developing effective solutions and strategies to address the root causes and prevent similar deviations from occurring in the future.