Question : Directions: In this question, three statements are given, followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follows/follow from the statements.
Statements:
All pens are books.
All books are novels.
All novels are good.
Conclusions:
I. Some novels are pens.
II. All books are good.
Option 1: Both conclusions I and II follow
Option 2: Neither conclusion I nor II follows
Option 3: Only conclusion I follows
Option 4: Only conclusion II follows
Correct Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow
Solution : The possible Venn diagram, according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion (I):
Some novels are pens – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that some parts of the circle representing novels lie outside the circle representing pens while some lie inside. So, it can be concluded that some novels are pens. Thus, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion (II):
All books are good – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circle representing books is completely overlapped by the circle representing good. So, it can be concluded that all books are good. Thus, this conclusion follows.
So, both conclusions I and II follow. Hence, the first option is correct.
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