Correct Answer: Job shadowing

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Job shadowing.

Job shadowing is an example of on-the-job training. It involves a trainee observing and closely following an experienced employee as they perform their job tasks and responsibilities. The trainee gets an opportunity to learn by observing the experienced employee's actions, decision-making processes, and interactions with others. Job shadowing allows trainees to gain firsthand knowledge and practical insights into the job role, its requirements, and the specific work environment.